In their rituals, the shamans use only fresh S. divinorum is one of several species with hallucinogenic properties that are ritually used by Mazatec shamans.
Salvia divinorum is native to the Sierra Mazateca in Oaxaca, Mexico, where it is still used by the Mazatec, primarily to facilitate shamanic visions in the context of curing or divination. Mazatec people performing a ritual dance in Huautla de Jimenez divinorum, including sage of the diviners, ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora or simply salvia. It is now in the botanical literature under the name Salvia divinorum. Albert Hofmann, who collected the first plants with Wasson, objected to the new plant being given the name divinorum: "I was not very happy with the name because Salvia divinorum means "Salvia of the ghosts", whereas Salvia divinatorum, the correct name, means "Salvia of the priests". It is often loosely translated as "diviner's sage" or "seer's sage". The specific epithet, divinorum, was given because of the plant's traditional use in divination. The genus name, Salvia, was first used by Pliny for a plant that was likely Salvia officinalis (common sage) and is derived from the Latin salvere. Salvia divinorum is legal in some countries and some states in the U.S., while other states have passed laws criminalizing it. Although not thoroughly assessed, preliminary research indicates Salvia divinorum may have low toxicity (high LD 50). Its chief active psychoactive constituent is a structurally unique diterpenoid called salvinorin A, a potent κ-opioid agonist. Mazatec shamans have a long and continuous tradition of religious use of Salvia divinorum to facilitate visionary states of consciousness during spiritual healing sessions. Botanists have not determined whether Salvia divinorum is a cultigen or a hybrid because native plants reproduce vegetatively and rarely produce viable seed. The plant grows to over a meter high, has hollow square stems like others in the mint family Lamiaceae, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. Its native habitat is cloud forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows in shady, moist locations. Because the plant has not been well-studied in high-quality clinical research, little is known about its toxicology, adverse effects, or safety over long-term consumption. The leaves contain opioid-like compounds that induce hallucinations. Salvia divinorum (Latin: "sage of the diviners" also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora or simply salvia) is a plant species with transient psychoactive properties when its leaves are consumed by chewing, smoking, or as a tea.
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